Uses and Demand
Solar energy is used for heating water for domestic use, heating buildings, drying agricultural products, and generating electrical energy. Solar panels are used in some homes to convert the sun’s rays into electricity. Although not sold commercially, solar-powered vehicles can be found at demonstrations and educational sites globally. Solar cars use PV cells to convert the sun’s energy directly into electrical energy.
Environmental Impact
Solar energy produces no air or water pollution or greenhouse gases. However, it has some indirect impacts on the environment. For example, the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells (PV) produces some toxic materials and chemicals.
Solar systems can also affect ecosystems. Water from underground wells may be required to clean concentrators and receivers, and to cool the generator, which may harm the ecosystem in dry climates.
Although solar panel recycling has not become a major issue, it will in the coming decades as solar panels need to be replaced. When solar panels break, it is possible they may leak chemicals which are sealed in a functional module. If solar panels are not disposed of properly, chemical leaking may be a more widespread issue. These issues are worse in poorer countries that don’t have as robust of recycling infrastructure.